亞洲移工

龔尤倩

天主教嘉祿國際移民組織台灣分會

在整個人類歷史中，遷移始终是人們决意克服不利条件、改善生活狀况的一


種方式。由於全球化趨勢以及通信交通的進步，移居他處的人数已經大為增加。 在2005年，全世界已經有約二億的移民人口，他們離開自己的國家在海外工作或定居。三十年前，愛爾蘭、義大利和西班牙等國都是移民輸出國，現在則已成移民移入國，亞洲的馬來西亞、韓國與泰國也面臨同樣的轉變。世界勞工組織表示，亞洲地區正吸引了越來越多的外籍勞工。自1995年到2000年，约290萬亞洲移工，约40%是前往另一個亞洲國家打工。外籍移工在新加坡占勞動力的28%，在馬來西亞占12%。

亞洲移動的歷史自一九七○年代開始，當時中東的石油輸出國家明顯的缺工現象，使得菲律賓、印尼等國開始向中東地區輸出勞工；這個勞工移動的現象到一九八○年代後，從中東轉變為亞洲新興的工業國(韓國、香港、新加坡與台灣)。亞洲內部的移工現象也越來越明顯。

亞洲的特殊性與變異性，使得亞洲移工現象呈現與其他洲非常不一樣的現象。亞洲擁有全世界人口最多的國家，如中國、印度和印尼；同時也有最窮(如尼泊爾, 年國民生產毛額1,310美金)與富有的國家(如日本，年國民生產毛額25,130美金)；許多亞洲國家同時呈現移工輸出與輸入，例如泰國以及馬來西亞。

亞洲移工現象有五項特殊性：

The Portraits of Migrant Workers in Taiwan

Yu-Chien Lorna Kung

In the 1960s and 1970s, labor intensive industries created the economic miracle in Taiwan. Along with the economic developments, the costs of land and labor soared. Taiwanese industries could no longer rely on taking advantage of the cheap labor released from the rural area. Transferring industry abroad became a tendency while the importation of migrant workers became one of the strategies for the government to request the industries to “root stay in Taiwan.” In 1989, the Administrative Yuan began to import Thai workers according to the Measures in Response to the Demand for Manpower in Fourteen Major Construction Projects. The adoption of the Employment Service Act in 1992 affirmed Taiwan’s migrant worker policy.

Therefore, no matter it is Taipei Metro, High Speed Rail, hospitals, or community parks, we see the images of migrant workers living and working with us. As of February, 2007, there are 341,623 blue-collar foreign migrant workers in Taiwan, which amounts to 1.4% of the total population or 3% of the total labor population. About half of the blue-collar migrant workers are in the manufacturing industries, while 44% care takers. The amounts of workers from Thailand, Indonesia, Philippine, and Vietnam range from 70,000 to 90,000 while those from Malaysia and Mongolia are less than a hundred.

台灣的移工圖像

龔尤倩（2007）

六○、七○年代勞動力密集產業創造了台灣經濟的奇蹟，隨著經濟發展，土地工資成本的上揚，台灣產業再也無法依恃島內自農村釋放廉價勞動力的優勢。產業外移出走成為趨勢，引進移工成為政府要求企業根留台灣的策略之一。1989年，行政院以「十四項重要工程人力需求措施因應方案」引進了泰國籍勞工，1992年就業服務法通過，則正式確定了台灣的移工政策。

於是，捷運,高鐵,醫院與社區公園….一一看到了這群移工的與我們共生共存的身影。截至2007年2月，台灣有341,623名藍領外籍移工，佔全部人口的1.4%，佔總勞動人口的百分之三。半數藍領移工從事製造業，另一大宗則為外籍監護工佔了百分之四十四，泰國印尼菲律賓以及越南籍人數分別為七萬至九萬不等，馬來西亞以及蒙古則低於百名。

Pictures - 2009

↑↓20090418 Seminar for Spouses

↑20090426 Migrant’s Rally

Other Professional Activities by Lorna Kung-2009

1. Taiwan International Family Association (TIFA), Board Member.

2. Taiwan International Workers Association (TIWA). Consultant.
3. Host of Listeners’ Corner of Radio Taiwan International.
4. Mediator of Banchiao Family Court.
5. Committee Member of Judicial Reform Foundation.

Participation in Conferences, Workshops -2009

SIMN-Taiwan has attended and participated in the following conferences:


16－21Feb. The 4th Asian Human Rights Forum, organized by The Asia Center for Human Rights in Korea .
26—30Aug., Group in Conflicts-----The 17th International Group Association for Group Psychotherapy and Group Processes

Networking and Advocacy - 2009

Up to the present, SIMN-Taiwan is an active member of Migrant Empowerment Network in Taiwan (MENT). SIMN-Taiwan is taking an important role in MENT’s lobbying activities.

1. Church Community

• July 15, ECMI Meeting
• July 28, Taipei Diocese Meeting
• Nov.8, 1213 Mobilization Meeting

 2. MENT Meeting

 MENT has regular meeting every month with topics of discussion on important and present migrant issues: March.5、March16、May.14、June.18、July 15、Sep.28、Nov.11、Dec.2

Formation - 2009

Education

1. Information Campaign.
SIMN-Taiwan together with MWCD-Taipei started labor information campaign to educate the migrant workers of their rights. It is being done 15 minutes before the Sunday mass at St. Christopher’s church.

2. Talk on migration issue to the university students:
7 Jan., To-Wu University.
5 March, National Central University
30March, 6 April, DeMing Technology University
8April, Normal University
12 June, Culture University
25Nov.,Taipei Medicine University
30Nov,Pratice University
17Dec.,Normal University

Publications - 2009

Lorna has contributed articles to the local newspaper.

5 Feb. Migrant Workers are not the scapegoats, was published on Coolloud Website News.
17 Feb. Against Xenophobia policy was published on Apple Daily News.
31 Dec. Call for Amnesty to those Undocumented Immigrants was published on ChinaTimes Daily News.

Fund Raising - 2009

● The project of ROC National without Citizenship education program was sent to Bureau of Culture Affair of Taipei Government, and we got NT 20,000 fund.


● The project of New Immigrants’ Story was sent to Bureau of Culture Affair of Taipei Government. We got NT 30,000 fund.

 ● The project of Santacruzan was sent to Bureau of Labor Affair of Taipei City, cooperated with St. Christopher’s Church,and we got NT 20,000 fund.

 ● The project of National Migrant Sunday celebration, cooperated with St. Christopher’s Church, and we got NT 62,000 fund.

 ● The project of the Migration Information Systems in Asia (MISA) Project, cooperated with SMC, and we will got NT 18,245 fund.